The development of a strong light absorption absorber with a facile preparation process are

crucial for some photothermal conversion applications, such as solar steam generation, photothermal catalysis and detectors. A novel photoreceiver composed of Omanis Arabic gum

embedded with biochar derived from Omanis date palm fiber for efficient steam production was

investigated to measure the desalination efficiency under the illumination of one sun (1 kW m ^-2).

The density of localized hotspots on the surface of the photothermal system is enhanced by the

incorporation of biochar based on palm wastes. Due to the numerous benefits of the fabricated

device including superior performance, cost-effectiveness, all-weather use, and extensible

fabrication, our integrated design holds promise for the fabrication of large-scale solar-powered

steam for producing clean water. Moreover, the fabricated photothermal disk is expected to

demonstrate a new strategy for solar energy harvesting, water treatment and other related fields.

Numerous crucial operations can be powered by thermal energy including home heating, saline water desalination, sterilizing, distillation, and the production of electricity. Desalinating seawater is a viable substitute to mitigate water shortages. By effectively utilizing renewable solar energy, the photothermal evaporation (PE) method exhibits notable advantages in both energy savings and environmental impact reduction when compared to several traditional processes like multistage flash distillation and reverse osmosis filtration, which might necessitate a relatively high energy supply with additional infrastructure [5, 6]. Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has become a novel approach to evaporation design in recent years [7, 8]. It localizes solar heating at the air-water interface instead of heating the bulk liquid. In interface solar-thermal water evaporation, the water yield and its suitability for real-world applications are primarily determined by the water evaporation rate and solar-thermal conversion efficiency. Considerable efforts have gone into improving them by reducing heat loss and increasing light absorption [2]. High optical concentrations (10−1000x) are needed in traditional concentrated solar power steam generating systems in order to produce hot steam. In addition to raising the cost of the evaporation systems to a significant level, which would prevent solar-thermal systems from being installed in underdeveloped areas, the costly optical concentrators reduce the system's overall energy conversion efficiency because of greater thermal losses from the heated solar recipient surfaces [7]. Three significant concepts for creating high-performance interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) have been identified by earlier research: (1) thermal localization at the evaporative zone to reduce heat loss; (2) maximizing the conversion of solar energy into heat by using photothermal materials with broadband absorption and (3) maintaining constant evaporation by providing enough water through capillary action of hydrophilic and porous matrix [8]. The photothermal material is the focal point of the ISSG system, and it consists primarily of metallic compounds with plasmonic effectiveness, semiconductors with nonradiative relaxation, and carbon-based materials with molecular thermal vibration principle [9]. Most ISSG systems are based on carbonaceous materials like graphene oxide (GO), graphene acid (GA), hollow carbon spheres and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) due to their high ability to absorb sunlight [10-12]. Unfortunately, the synthesis of these materials often involves several stages and high temperatures, which raises inquiries over their affordability which is crucial for solar thermal water treatment [13]. These factors highlight the necessity for photothermal materials that are affordable, stable, scalable, and extremely effective. Usually, the majority of biomass materials involve sophisticated mesostructures that facilitate the movement of nourishment and water along the growth direction during photosynthesis [14]. Biomass materials including wood, maize straw, and rice straw can serve as water paths for high-efficiency SSG devices due to their unique topologies. Monolithic and single-layered ISSG evaporators can be generated from the simple carbonization of some biomass such as carbonized wood, mushrooms corn straw and rice husk [15-17]. Carbon-based materials emphasize excellent heat management, transportation of water, and light absorption due to their rough, black surfaces and porosity. Omanis palm fiber may regarded as two sides of coin that can be disposed causing environmental pollution or used as valuable resources [18]. The benefits of resource conservation and environmental friendliness are particularly applicable to wilderness survival, where access to clean water is a critical necessity.

1. Preparation of valuable biochar from Omanis palm fiber. 2. Conversion of biomass to valuable compounds: waste to wealth. 3. Saline water desalination from the Gulf of Oman. 4. Raising the attention to environmental sustainability. 5. Advanced scientific research schools.

photothermal conversion ,photoreceiver,ISSG systems ,photothermal materials ,may regarded as tw